From my days designing the Screwcutting clutch for this lathe I would like to make a few observations.
The central shaft which the tumbler reverse pivots on is ground concentric throughout, ie there is no eccentric portion.
The tumbler gears look as though they are the wrong tooth form. Judging by damage to the teeth on the sides of each gear.
The outside diameter might be correct but if the tooth form is not correct the gears will not engage properly. The Gear on the Lathe Spindle could well be running on the bottom of the Tufnol gears tooth form.
To check these gears are correct. Measure across 4 gear teeth with a vernier callipers then measure across 3 gear teeth. Take the smaller dimension from the larger. The reading should be 0.1476″ which is the base pitch for 20 DP 20 degree Pressure Angle, (PA). (Or pi x Cos PA/DP).
From the photographs they do not look deep enough to me.
From memory when visiting Myford’s at Beeston, the holes in the Headstock were drilled using a drill jig so I doubt these would be wrong.
Regards
Gray.
This is the most likely culprit. Poorly made aftermarket replacement gears may have been fitted, as commonly happens after a crash breaks a few teeth etc.
The OD of the gears may be correct, but root diameter should be measured too, and is easily done. Ideally pitch diameter should be measured, using the appropriate gear measuring rods, not common in the home workshop!
While gear replacement would be the most likely action by a previous owner, the previously mentioned incorrect Connoiseur lever replacement would be a close second. Someone pointed out earlier a crack in the inner gear casing, indicating the lathe may have suffered a fall during transport etc, which could gave also broken the original lever.