The company we used to use to regrind beds at my last employment (R Skinner Engineering) did so on planers fitted with grinding heads & used diamond cup wheels. They used special sharpening stones on the wheels – about 12mm square by 100 mm long, white abrasive sticks with an open texture. A bit like a white grinding wheel in stick form, but light weight & quite friable.
Bob had a box full of these sticks & used them sparingly if the wheel wasn't cutting to his satisfaction (which was probably by how it sounded, or how the surface looked). Bob sold his business 10 years or more ago & I have not been in contact since, and I can find no reference to the chap who bought him out, so can't ask directly what these sticks were called. But I would expect that an industrial diamond wheel supplier would know.
On a slightly similar note, I once had problems drilling a floor for holding down bolts using a Hilti rig. The going was extremely slow (I was sent on site to find out why the job was taking so long), so I called in the Hilti rep. His opinion was that the concrete had a large proportion of very hard quartz aggregate & he gave me a "sharpening stone" to regularly dress the core drill when it stopped cutting freely. This was about 300mm square by 25 or so thick & looked like an un-glazed terracota floor tile. It was not very hard & cut easily with the core drill – cutting a couple of 6mm deep grooves was enough to expose fresh diamonds & get the drill cutting again.
HTH
Nigel B