Hi Eric ,
The steam entering your cylinders is not actually much better than kettle steam and whatever the boiler pressure the pressure in the cylinders will be much less running on no load . This means that the steam is very wet and there is a large amount of water going – maybe 30 % of the total steam flow is water and even more after some condensation .
This very wet steam is very different in its properties to air . In particular the water part of the wet steam can condense out into actual slugs of water (its mist otherwise) .
One of the most common causes of engines running on air but not steam is hydraulic lock . Its very easy for one of these slugs of water to get trapped between piston and cylinder head and being nearly incompressible it stops the engine . Usually actually caused by ports being out of place either by design or as made .
Two possible conditions for ports being out of place :
(1) Too big a dead zone between inlet and exhaust ports – neither is open .
(2) Port in cylinder too far away from cylinder head leaving a trap .
Thermal expansion of piston in cylinder has a near zero probability of being the cause of problems .
Regards ,
Michael Williams .