Posted by Ed Duffner on 23/05/2016 22:50:45:
Have recently noticed parting and turning steel to be getting troublesome on my little 180 lathe. Thought I'd sorted the parting problems with lower gear(pulley drive) = more torque and better tool set up which proved ok in brass but parting steel still caused sudden lock ups and blown fuses. Looking into it further today I've found the saddle lifts off the base about 0.05mm on each corner. If I make a cut in steel using the carriage advance wheel I can go back and fore removing material without advancing the cross slide for a few passes.
It would appear that their is some spring in the saddle and I think it's due to wear of the vee in the saddle. The ways on the bed look ok and checking with "Blue" I can see excessive wear towards the tailstock end of the front vee face in the saddle.
So my next task is to lap-in the ways of the saddle. I've found some online tutorials and the job in hand seems ok.
I'm actually glad I checked the ways because I'm not impressed with the fit. Looks like it fitted where it touched at the rear, in about 4 small areas of the flat way.
I may go the whole hog and do the cross and compound slides too while I'm at it.
I expect the wear may have been caused by the knurling I've been doing and the saddle iron appears to be a very soft variety.
Ed.
Ed, I would not rush into "lapping" the ways, even though any number of internet experts recommend it. Certainly avoid the option of "lapping" the saddle to the bed directly using grinding paste. Much too likely to wear the bed out prematurely. The "trick" of putting emery paper on the bed ways and sliding the carriage back and forth over it is marginally better but easily can lead to all sorts of wonky shapes being worn into the way surfaces in the carriage.
If you are having trouble with the saddle lifting, you probably need to pay attention to the anti-lift plates on the bottom of the saddle. On some lathes each plate has a pair of grub screws and a pair of clamping screws so you can adjust the gap down to zero. That way the carriage will not lift when using an upside down parting tool. The lower way surfaces these plates run on are rough on some of these lathes, so a clean up with a smooth flat file to remove burrs etc first is in order. Ditto the mating surfaces on the anti-lift plates themselves. An even better solution is to do away with the grub screws for adjustment and use brass shims so the plates are clamped down nice and flat without bowing.
If you are getting continued cuts on multiple passes as you describe, the most common cause of this is loose headstock bearings. Best cure might be to replace the stock ball bearings with tapered rollers adjusted correctly, or at least with radial ball bearings. I think the ARC Eurotrade website has details on this upgrade.
Another thing to check with saddle "springiness" is that the leadscrew is properly aligned with the halfnuts so it is not lifting the saddle off the V ways in spots.
Then, if still having problems, as a last resort turn your attention to the V ways. Knock burrs off the bed ways with a smooth flat file. Take the leadscrew off the machine so the saddle can slide freely up and down. Rub some blue on the relatively unworn section of bed under the tailstock area (remove tailstock first) with one clean finger. Then wipe it off with another clean finger. The skerrick of blue left is all you want for a true reading. Then rub the saddle back and forth over the blued area a few times, without rocking it, and have a look at where you are getting high spots. Then make a little scraper out of an 8" or 6" flat file and scrape the high spots down until you get something like a respectable even reading. Look out too for the tops of the Vs not having clearance to allow the full load to bear on the angled sides of teh V, not the tops.
A bit of time and care and you will end up with a very nice little precision lathe. I can't say the same for some of the "lapping" techniques I've seen on t'internet. Maybe it works for them, but I dunno. My old foreman would have kicked my butt until my teeth fell out for such shenanigans.