This item has only a few hours to run on Ebay. I have studied it at length but cannot come up with any explanation as to what it could be used for. The two micrometer thimbles make it even more difficult.
The only thing I can say is that I do not think "lathe" should be in the description, I rather think it is part of some sort of measuring instrument and judging by the quality I would suggest pre-wall Russian.
Fancy a guess?
**LINK**
Rik