Regrettably wrong clamp for wrong job so they will never work well even after you have sorted out the incorrect arrangement of step blocks and clamp bolt as advised by Jason.
Correct style of hold down clamp for that job are the type supplied with modular vices. Basically a thick bar L shaped in side view with tongue to go in the slot and a foot a little deeper than the bottom ridge so the clamp slopes down for maximum grip. Bolt, often a socket head is more convenient, goes close to the vice.
My experience is that the correct, L style, clamps made to the right size are generally significantly better at the holding business than the general purpose step block and bar devices. Unsurprisingly the made specifically for purpose device works better than the do anything one. But it only does that one job.
Perhaps something along the lines of these from homemade tools website :- https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/modular-vice-hold-down-clamps-101935 will work.
The professional versions generally use short slots for the bolts rather than counterbored holes as in the set shown for this modular vice :- https://www.mscdirect.co.uk/select-150mm-precision-modular-vice-gqv-30320k?gclsrc=aw.ds&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=23293873908&gbraid=0AAAAADq_z2M65jjNUHgF-NB7eXBgkG9xr&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIyp2ym6mpkwMVO6NQBh04uz2xEAQYAyABEgKGefD_BwE
You could make a longer single clamp spanning all three slots with the corner cut off to clear the closed end of the holding slot as suggested by AStroud which may well generate even more hold down force. Whether the increased force is a worthwhile improvement on the proper style of clamps is an open question. Enough grip being enough. The only regular use of a wider clamp that I am aware of is on the Grerardi swivel base accessory.
https://www.cutwel.co.uk/size-2-125mm-art-105-swivel-base-for-gerardi-standard-series-vices-flex-vice-2-10-52000?srsltid=AfmBOorKN6Aa3xIn1LOjdxAGtIBhLPivL4MjGJtVcHl4fCcfps8Lf_kiEgg Most likely for engineering convenience than grip reasons.
A sheet of aluminium under the vice will significantly increase friction between vice and table. Most beneficial if the vice base and table aren’t completely true to each other. It is worth verifying that the mating surfaces are flat and making good contact over the whole mating area. In my experience a common cause of things not holding well when clamped down is surfaces not being properly flat, damaged or having bits of “stuff” ground in.
Clive