If you get an old school Jacobs chuck then you can swap the arbor (tapered part). The arbor has a taper that is pressed into the back of the chuck body – these tapers are JTwhatever. (J for Jacobs presumably)
Getting the arbor out of the body can be somewhat, err… non easy. Wedges are available to do the job and you can find YouTube videos showing them in use. On mine someone had been there before me and drilled a hole in the back of the body so I could drift the arbor out without needing any wedges.
As a rule of thumb the max capacity of the chuck should be similar to or less than the wide end of the taper. The bigger the drill, the more likely the Morse taper is to break loose when drilling.