I would either make the ‘mistake’ as large as possible and replace the removed metal with something as thick as possible, before re-machining, or remake the easier part(s).
In this case, it might be a simple case of filling with a good bearing material, if the load is minimal and it just needs to be a sliding fit. Maybe drilling holes as a key, in some cases c an bne. Advantageous.
All mistakes can be corrected, by changing dimensions of other parts, repairing, or replacing. Sometimes one just starts again, from scratch! Every instance will have one or more options and each will need its own particular problem considering, before continuing. Some items are heavy load-bearing parts, and some are simply supportive. Consideration of any load-bearing part being altered should take into account the risk of later failure.
Even the order of making parts can help in reducing errors or making it easier to recover a mistake. Like carrying out the difficult machining operations before spending a lot of time on the item. Scrapping a complex item because of the last machining operation going wrong is the worst scenario!