Ian,
Perfectly possible; here's a picture of the rear wheel rims for my traction engines being machined to width in stages:

The rims are a bit over 6 feet in length, while the milling machine table is 4 foot, with 790mm of travel. I also machined a V-groove down the middle of each rim using the same clamp and shift routine.
I have machined parts on my CNC mill that exceed the table travels. With careful jig design, tool setting and attention to cleanliness, ie, no trapped swarf, it was possible to achieve sizes appropriate to the accuracy of my machine, about ±0.03mm.
Of course, as we all know, bigger is better, but that will depend upon budget and space.
Regards,
Andrew