Hi Kevin,
First post, welcome to the forum.
Yes you are right, the barrel extension "should really have" a clamp of some kind to secure it soundly on the barrel.
I have not had problem with it being pulled off except when I inadvertently leave the latch engaged but yes it would improve the design to fit a clamp. I would suggest that you slit the end of the extension like a collet and make a small clamp from 1/2" M.S. plate bored out to fit the extension. This clamp would also be split and have a set screw fitted to close it on the extension. This clamp would squeeze the extension on the barrel and secure it in place. You could just use a jubilee clip as clamp but to be fair it wouldn't look good?
I would not use a single set screw as you describe as that may damage the thread on the barrel.
If you need any more help P.M. me Regards geoff