Hi Tony ,
the brushes are about 14mm long to start
I expect they should work until they are about 8 or 9 mm long ( 3/8″ give or take a bit)
( depends on the gap between the brush holders and commutator ,
and the length of the wire tail from the brush)
to test the armature for shorted turns or an open circuit
remove the armature and apply around 4 to 6v ac to opposite sides of the commutator (about 1/2 amp at 6v ac )
then measure the voltage between adjacent segments all the way round
the voltages should be within 5 to 10 percent
John