… The downside seems to be that technicians seem to be less aware of issues and unwilling to do more diagnostics than just changing boxes. This can result in cars being written off for what is in reality a minor wiring fault….
About 1980 I read a case study into the reliability of military electronics. Cruising off Vietnam, the US Navy found reliability much improved compared with costly peacetime routine maintenance. Two reasons: switching equipment on and off is damaging, AND, humans often do more harm than good. The discovery isn’t exactly new: “if it ain’t bust don’t fix it”.
The study also looked at modularisation. Found that conventional kit was much less reliable than modules, and cost a fortune to maintain because that required an army of well-trained and well equipped diagnosticians.
Though diagnosticians were good at fixing small faults, modules were more reliable, and availability was improved because modules can be swapped quickly by semi-skilled staff. On the downside, entire equipments were sometimes scrapped because of minor faults that weren’t mended simply by module swapping. The case study found this didn’t matter: despite mistakes, modules still saved 80% of the budget. The advantage of modules wasn’t apparent to the workforce, who, convinced they had jobs for life, only gradually noticed they were being phased out. The accountant knew what was going to happen to them years in advance.
A third factor was rapid progress in electronics: kit, especially computers, became obsolete in a few years. More chance of managing rapid change by swapping modules than having to replace an entire conventional equipment. Still nasty though – modules have to be version controlled!
Electronic modules became extremely complicated, difficult to understand, and very difficult to work on. Even highly trained practitioners are in trouble – no manuals, and the beasts are often made in ways that resist dismantling. Interestingly, most faults identified in the case study were mechanical rather than electronic. Cracked traces, plugs & sockets, tarnish etc.
Add it all together, and broken modules, for whatever reason, are scrap.
Though electronics are the obvious example, modularisation’s been a trend in other fields for at least a century. Electric motors, bearings, white goods, tools, and many other sealed-for-life examples abound. In 1950 most garages had a small lathe because older cars had many parts that could be repaired (or bodged). Pretty much all gone by 1970. In half a century of motoring I’ve never been in a garage that repaired parts: they’ve always swapped them. Oilite bushes were conceived as a cheap maintenance free bearing intended to only last the life of the equipment. They can be replaced, but the maker never intended they should be!
Though I understand the advantages of not repairing stuff, I worry it’s not sustainable. Depends on cheap materials and energy, and they can’t stay cheap forever…
Dave