Similar operations were used to get the rear cone, rear keyed spacer and rear bearing pushed into place. Bearing preload was a guess, but I had originally measured the space between the adjuster nut and the bearing cover before disassembly, using drill shanks (2.1 mm fitted best), so I used this gap when tightening.
This was all a tremendous, stressful, expensive ($250), distracting PITA. Yes, I now know a lot more about my lathe's headstock assembly, and of course, it was a satisfying achievement finally to succeed. But I wish to God that I had bought the Fenner link belt, which I could have got for about $160 for twice the length I needed.