If you have soft jaws then they can be machined to suit the gears.
If not then chuck a short bit of aluminium a bit larger in dia than the gear and bore it out to a good fit over the gear teeth, mark the bit of bar so it can go back in the chuck the same way and then remove and saw a slit lengthways.
Slip the gear into your "collet" and put them in the chuck and machine away. The slot will allow the collet to close up tight onto teh gears and being a softer metal won't damage the gear.
You may also be able to use a 5/8" collet or a 16mm ER collet with a packer at teh back end so it closes evenly.