Good question, and I hope someone has a cheap and available answer!
For historic reasons I have far too many plastic storage boxes. Only two have decayed in 30 years and they were both cheap and nasty. What’s more common is breakage due to overloading, especially when stacked.
None of the boxes I found quoted a weight limit, only capacity in litres. It appears sellers expect customers to apply “common sense”, which is unfortunate because there is no such thing as “common sense”! Instead, the customer has to experiment.
My cheaper boxes are made of thin plastic good enough for light domestic stuff, blankets, toys, electronics etc. Garden and workshop boxes are much thicker, but all plastic boxes are bendy and some are brittle!
Heavy tools are a special case. I guestimate a 10″ chuck weighs 50kg, a two-man lift that would be unwise to stack. A 60 litre box has capacity for at least six 10″ chucks, total weight 250kg, but that requires mechanical handling and is probably well beyond any ordinary container’s design capacity. But weight only matters if the box is moved and stacked. Sat on the floor in a fixed position and used only as a protective shell, a thin plastic box could safely store several heavy chucks. Just don’t move it, and especially don’t put it on top of a stack, even with a forklift!
Here’s a guesstimate of moveable stackable weight capacity:
A 60litre box filled with water will weigh 60kg, which, though an unrealistic load, is a likely maximum, with some unknown moderate safety factor.
In practice, most stackable plastic boxes provide handles for a one-man lift. That suggests a realistic upper limit of about 25kg and a maximum stack height of 3 or 4. A pessimist would only risk 25kg per box, whilst an optimist might assume the box designer expected a two-man lift and would load it to 50kg. Whether or not a 50kg load is wise depends on the box – most of mine are thin plastic, and, after a decade, the bottom boxes in a stack of 4 are noticeably bowed. The heaviest is about 20kg. No experience of heavy garden boxes, because I couldn’t find any that stacked.
The “build a wooden box” answer is effective, but expensive, hence less used these days. The modern equivalent surrounds and supports products with a moulded polystyrene shell inside one or more stout cardboard boxes, often with layers of sealed plastic bags. Modern packaging is engineered to protect items adequately at minimum cost. Unfortunately, not trivial to design, and hard to replicate in a home workshop.
Euroboxes being industrial are probably stronger than DIY store boxes, but beware of flimsy imitations. I don’t know of anything better for tools that’s available to the public. They exist but are hard to come by, at least where I live!
Dave