Giovanni, hello and welcome.
For the last part of your query have a look on This Thread by Neil on how to post photos.
For the first part, it is difficult to explain just in words.
What you have described as "gear change gears (idle)." are often referred to as "Tumbler Gears" up here in the UK, and are often made of plastic or Tufnol.
These drive the two part gear you mention as the start of the gear train into the gearbox. This is the one you have describes as "double and fixed gear 12/30 teeth"
The 12 tooth end is where you would need to fit the 33 or 34 tooth gears, but I understand your confusion, as I think you have the wrong part fitted (the 12/30 one).
On the lathe without a gearbox, there is a similar arrangement, with a double gear. This is actually a 30 tooth gear, but where you have the 12 tooth one, there is a plain stub to fit the gear of your choice.
This is what should be fitted to your 7B-with a gearbox. It would allow you to use the correct gear combination to start off your drive chain, using a 24/30 as opposed to the 12/30 that you have at the moment.
The 33 & 34 toot gears you have read about (as well as a 21) would take the place of the 24 tooth gear, so that you could have 21/30, 33/30, 34/30 in able to cut metric threads on your Imperial lathe.
The 12/30 one piece gear you have is an optional extra for the change-wheel lathe; that is the one without a gearbox. i.e. the Super 7 as opposed to your Super 7B
It is intended to provide an even finer feed for normal turning operations, but in your case at the moment it will give only ½ the pitch you select on the gearbox.
You will need to swap your 12/30 gear for a Blank-Stub/30 one. It also has the advantage of being fitted with a needle roller bearing .
It sounds like you have one of THESE
Whereas you need one of THESE
I hope this is clear, but if not please come back and ask, and I'll take some photos of my setup(s)
Bill