Have a look at how Schaublin do their sensitive drilling attachment for the 30 taper spindle on the 13 mill.
It locates on the spindle nose itself, like a big facemill would.
Much easier to make than something that locates in the taper.
You need to think of how the drive will be transmitted while still allowing sliding movement. Generally done with a key and keyway. A dog point grub screw into the 3MT adaptor could be used, but requires tapping a hard part. An accurate keyway is equally difficult in a hardened ER straight shank chuck.
Copying the Schaublin design would allow you to put keyway in unhardened spindle nose adapter and use angle grinder to form a not-very-precise-over-wide slot in ER chuck and then JB Weld in a key (using the adapter to keep it aligned while it sets).
See bottom left of page 6 here:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxr59DtuJda_amx1V1dvNE8xVXM/view?usp=sharing (Anglo-Swiss Tools, Schaublin 13, French catalogue)
for nose dimensions. Top right of page 12 for attachment complete.
I have a drawing for all the Schaublin parts so if you PM me with contact details, I can send to you.