I've got a quick change tapping head that takes those. The tap pushes into the small hole in the small cylindrical end. The whole thing then pushes into the main body of the chuck and is held by an ball locking mechanism. You can get these with a torque limiting clutch to prevent breakage – mine are mostly like that.
The main body (the ground part) of your collets is most likely 19mm dia although there are other sizes.
If they are no use to you, I'll take them off your hands?
Murray
The guy in this video has a giant version of yours but it shows how they work.
Edited By Muzzer on 03/02/2018 18:29:13