I think Cabinet Enforcer is right; the 30t is clearly driving the smaller of the two gears which must be the 45.

I think you have the 50t and 45t the wrong way round. And, looking at the photo, it looks as if the 30t will reach the headstock after you swap 45t and 50t over.
Could be a classic case of seeing what you expect rather than what's actually there. I do it all the time…
Dave
PS I still think the 30t is only an idler. Trouble is the more I think about it the more confused I get!
Edited By SillyOldDuffer on 22/09/2017 15:35:41
Edited By SillyOldDuffer on 22/09/2017 15:47:04