Another point is the credibility of the name the supposed organisation uses: there is no BBC Licencing Department, any more than there is that old favourite, The Windows Corporation.
If the e-mail address is not obviously false, try looking at its source (on BT its "More" -> "View Source"
. Among the screen-ful or so of pure code, should be the source IP and routing – which can involve a string of addresses relaying the message. One I received allegedly came via a donkey sanctuary, of all things.
This is useful when you receive a message that on the surface looks real, from a real person such as a fellow club-member. Compare the details with a known message from that person. Usually though, this type of message (often the "Help I'm stuck in Paris with no money" type) looks wrong on first site.
My security software flags up potential spam, and the "View Source" has that word all over its display showing where the message was trapped (at least, showing it was trapped – the surrounding stuff is gobbledegook unless you are a programmer!).
An American on an other forum tells me he sometimes receives private messages on it, in Russian! He sent me a sample, which I carefully copied and threw at Google's translator. This revealed some nonsense about untoward happenings in diplomatic buildings in a city I established separately, is real. Clearly we agreed this was some sort of fraud but we could not guess what, nor why he was receiving messages in the Russian language!
I did once try reporting a fraudulent message to ActionFraud, an outfit which lets you think is a UK Home Office department but is apparently some American company, and was exposed recently as being about as much use as a polythene firing-shovel. I'd guessed that a couple of years or so ago!