Assuming a PCB with single sided copper and all thru hole components on the opposite side, answers are:
Copper layer – on the bottom
Solder mask – usual to have solder mask top and bottom, but could get away with bottom only as there is no copper on the top
Track and gap – These parameters should have been set in the PCB design software. Component pitch is irrelevant. Minimum track width is, obviously, the minimum track width used. A value of 8 thou should be fine and will mean the PCB is easier to make as over etching of tracks is less critical. Minimum gap is the smallest gap between two areas of copper that are on different nets. Again a value of 8 thou should be fine.
In general terms 8 thou track and gap is fine for non-critical boards with thru hole components. For surface mount 6 thou track and gap would be needed as a minimum, depending on lead pitch. For very tight layouts and BGAs then 4 thou track and gap would be needed. For fine pitch BGAs even 4 thou is too large, so one needs in pad vias, or short stubs that go down a layer. As track and gap values go down the PCBs get more expensive.
Julie