I have quite a collection of 'carbon' tools and often use them in preference to HSS tooling when working brass – either on my smaller lathes or the hand shaper. They take a very good edge where fine cuts are required and many are forged to particular shapes that can be convenient on the shaper. They don't get hot enough to lose their hardness, which is more than sufficient for non-ferrous work.
As always these things depend on the context – horses for courses.. If I'm roughing out mild steel then obviously HSS holds up much better – but for shaving thous off brass, then a nicely honed carbon tool works very nicely and I've never had to worry about its "Rc" value!
I haven't got the math to understand most of the discussion here – but when those who 'do have' decide what's best – a simple "do it this way" would be quite good enough for me. All I want is something that drills to size and produces those lovely twin spirals of swarf. Sounds simple enough…
Regards,
IanT