My guess is EDTA. We use3d to play with it back when I was in sixth form. Not that I can remember exactly what we did…
Below is the concluding part of my review. I think the significant thing is that, unlike other approaches I've used, if just left to dry the parts don't develop a film of surface rust.
Neil
Last weekend I was doing some work on the car, and pulled out everything I could find failing to find a small 8mm socket. I even went though my old toolbox, which at one point had two inches of water in it, it was full of old sockets and other bits, from the totally rusty to the simple tarnished. I sorted the actual tools from the old spark plugs, cylinder bolts and GOKW and dumped them in the bath. Photograph 9 shows the various bits after just three hours. If my wife is reading this they are on one of MY old towels!
On a roll, I found a couple of old nail pullers, completely brown with rust and threw them in. Not only did they come up nicely (photo 10), but I discovered that one of them was made in Cannock, not far from here in South Staffordshire (photo 11). The lads are now regularly supplying me with rusty screwdrivers and the like and the original gallon or so of Evapo-Rust is still going strong. When it eventually wears out (it turns black), I will certainly get some more.
So you have probably realised I am very pleased with Evapo-Rust’s performance, but it’s worth explaining why it is different. Instead of being acid or alkali-based, Evapo-Rust relies on a chemical process of ‘selective chelation’. My school chemistry tells me that this means a large molecule that grabs hold of metals and holds them in solution. Evapo-Rust bonds to the iron in rust, but not in steel and it does not attack plastic, brass, aluminium and other metals or glass. It does dissolve light films of grease and oil (they recommend cleaning off heavy grease coatings) and it did notice that it got quite a lot of non-rust gunk as well as removing the rust.
The product is non-toxic and biodegradable (I have the material safety data sheet), and can be disposed of down the sewer without ill effects. This is a major benefit over the strong-acid based rust treatments – I’d far rather have a gallon of it slopping about in a corner of the workshop.
Compared to electrolytic removal, it is much less messing about and there are no nagging doubts about hydrogen embrittlement. Perhaps the biggest plus here is that you don’t get that almost instant return of rust that happens to some electrolytic cleaned steels.
That leaves a comparison with my cheap-cola alternative, in which case the big difference is the rate at which Evapo-Rust works – it takes hours when the fizzy pop approach takes several days.
I found one unusual after-effect of Evapo-Rust, it’s that treated items have a slightly sticky feel due to the film left behind. As this is an effective anti-rust treatment, I’m not complaining and it is easily washed off – but in this case I would suggest oiling or otherwise treating the item to stop the clean surface rusting again.