Machinery Directive and CE marking

[Robert Atkinson 2Participant @robertatkinson2]

First please don't mention the B word, assume equivelent level legislation whatever happens re EU membership.

The question is – where do model engineers stnd regarding CE compliance and marking? For this Forum it's the Machenery Directive, Low Voltage Directive and EMC directive. With the notable exception of the EMC directive and radio amateurs, none of these differentiate between commercial production and one-off or personal projects. Thus in theory if you build your own CNC mchine or convert a manul machine to CNC you have to comply with the directives. For any form of commercial production or use by employees non compliance is an offence.

I assume no one does this, but is anyone aware of any official guidance (references please not just opinions) releaving hobbyists?

Obviously if you DIY, keep it in the shed and nothing goes wrong the question is moot. What if somthing goes wrong or you sell (or give away) your one off? Unfortunatly things do go wrong. and we are now a litigous society with lawers happy to take on cases and insurance companies happy to use any reason not to pay out. Some senarios are:

You seriously injure yourself (or worse) and insurance doesn't pay out (more of an issue for those in work with dependents)

You sell or give away youe machine and the new owner is injured an they (or more likely their insurance co.) comes after you for compensation.

The machine catches fiire and burns down the shed/house/next door/ street

The Machine causes radio interference and OFCOM come knocking on your door.

I'm not suggesting anyone should stop building their own machines, but I think we should raise awareness of possible issues and encourage good practice in the machines we build. Unfortunatly I don't think things are going to get better and one incident with the wrong press coul have a big mpact on the hobby.

Robert G8RPI
(I'm involved in regulatory compliance as part of my day job)

[Robert Atkinson 2Participant @robertatkinson2]

[Brian GParticipant @briang]

Posted by Robert Atkinson 2 on 04/04/2019 16:47:25:

…none of these differentiate between commercial production and one-off or personal projects….

Perhaps a remedy would be to approach our representatives in the European Parliament to remove the requirements for non-commercial builds in the same way as for boilers?

Brian

[SillyOldDufferModerator @sillyoldduffer]

CE Marking is easy – you don't have to! The CE mark is applied by the manufacture or vendor to commercial items. The mark asserts (not necessarily truthfully or accurately) that the item meets all relevant safety and technical standards, and there should be a documentation pack that shows this has been done.

Meeting standards in a home workshop might be necessary, but only where there's a legal requirement so to do. Privately adding a CE mark is illegal.

Whatever you do, it's important to stay within the law. Making guns or crystal meth in the UK will get you a prison sentence, but many other activities have to be tested in court, and a 'reasonable' defence will do. I err on side of caution – I don't want to test a project's legality in court because it's expensive even if you win. Fortunately common sense will get you a long way, especially if you keep a low profile and stay private.

Selling and insurance are more complex because they involve someone else. For example, if I make a boiler and operate it in private, no problem unless there's a serious blunder and I have to make a claim. Operating the same boiler at a club requires a certificate issued by a recognised inspector, still fairly low key. Making and selling boilers above a certain size is professional, and the maker should meet all necessary requirements. I'm not aware this system causes any problems. Likewise, selling second-hand and home-made privately is less onerous than trade. It's not reasonable to expect a rusty collection of Myford lathe parts to be CE marked, or even that they can be expected to work after reassembly. Unless the seller claimed otherwise!

My advice is for amateurs to adopt 'good practice' and be ready to show reasonable precautions were taken. More important is to avoid raising unnecessary concerns. Given the slightest excuse some people will assume a workshop must be involved in terrorism or dangerous anti-social behaviour. Actually, Model Engineering is safer and more responsible than many other hobbies – including Amateur Radio. There's no need to sex up the risks.

Dave

[Mike PooleParticipant @mikepoole82104]

My job was to make modifications to manufacturing equipment to improve reliability and cycle time, our planning dept. were beginning to be concerned that the original CE conformance would be invalidated and the machine would need to be recertificated to maintain conformance. Glad I have retired.

Mike

[Neil WyattModerator @neilwyatt]

My advice is keep out of the workshop and stay in bed.

Neil

In practice, hobbyists can comply simply making sure anything they make that involves voltages above 50 and below 1000 volts meets the standards, below, which I think you might be daft not to meet through adequate insulation, fusing and care not to allow overload:

"Protection against hazards arising from the electrical equipment

2.—(a) Persons and domestic animals must be adequately protected against danger of physical injury or other harm which might be caused by electrical contact direct or indirect;

(b)Temperatures, arcs or radiation which would cause a danger must not be produced;

(c)Persons, domestic animals and property must be adequately protected against non-electrical dangers caused by the electrical equipment which are revealed by experience;

(d)The insulation must be suitable for foreseeable conditions.

Protection against hazards which may be caused by external influences on the electrical equipment

3.—(a) The electrical equipment must meet the expected mechanical requirements in such a way that persons, domestic animals and property are not endangered;

(b)The electrical equipment must be resistant to non-mechanical influences in expected environmental conditions, in such a way that persons, domestic animals and property are not endangered;

(c)In foreseeable conditions of overload the electrical equipment must not endanger persons, domestic animals and property."

[John Paton 1Participant @johnpaton1]

Is the answer not within the word Hobbyist? I take that as being for your own use and not for reward and also not involving your employment or the employment of others.

Some Model Engineers are most certainly in business – some in very large businesses – involved in making large numbers of models for sale (Bing, Stuart Turner etc along with those that make museum and shop display models). They will doubtless be covered by CE in the same way that manufacturers of cuddly toys are. So the term Model Engineer does not offer an exclusion.

Once work is done for reward it is arguably a cottage industry not merely a hobby. Ditto the use of your car for transporting items for business sale is not domestic and pleasure use within the terms of car insurance.

[Robert Atkinson 2Participant @robertatkinson2]

Dave (SOD) said

"CE Marking is easy – you don't have to! and Privately adding a CE mark is illegal."

Do you have any references to back up these statements? I Did ask for references in my question. The CE regulations state that there must be compliance at offering for sale or at "first use". They say nothing about commercial production. What does "privately" mean? The responsibility for compliance is on the manufacturer or importer. If you manufacture or import it you can (must) put a CE mark on it (unless it is something like lifting equipment that needs certification by a Notified Body). By doing so you also take responsibility. There is no relief for on-off's or non commercial items. There used to be exemption in the LVD where you did not to have to mark an item that was for own use but you still had to ensure it conformed so not putting a sticker on was silly. This exception has been removed.
It's not retrospective so used items only have to conform to the standard applicable when new (and not in dangerous condition) if sold, unless they have been remnufactured or had significant modification.

I'm not sure why you think amateur radio is more dangerous than model engineering especially now most amateurs don't use valves or build their own equipment.

Robert G8RPI

[vintage engineerParticipant @vintageengineer]

I thought CE marking meant Chinese Export?

[Cabinet EnforcerParticipant @cabinetenforcer]

Posted by Robert Atkinson 2 on 04/04/2019 16:47:25:

The question is – where do model engineers stnd regarding CE compliance and marking? For this Forum it's the Machenery Directive, Low Voltage Directive and EMC directive. With the notable exception of the EMC directive and radio amateurs, none of these differentiate between commercial production and one-off or personal projects.

Robert G8RPI
(I'm involved in regulatory compliance as part of my day job)

Try looking at the enactment into UK law of these directives, eg PUWER.

Your many questions are largely moot, CE marking is mainly about common safety standards for the purposes of free trade, not the regulation of hobbyists.

[Phil WhitleyParticipant @philwhitley94135]

I will add this to Neils (excellent) post!

CE marking is a certification mark that indicates conformity with health, safety, and environmental protection standards for products sold within the European Economic Area (EEA). The CE marking is also found on products sold outside the EEA that are manufactured in, or designed to be sold in, the EEA.

The operative here is "products SOLD" if you are not selling it, it does not need a CE mark

Can you self certify CE mark?

Yes, CE–marking by Self Certification can be performed in cases where harmonized standards cover all relevant safety aspects of a product. In accordance with the requirements of the applicable Directive, as manufacturer you can carry out the safety assessment procedures and compiling the required documentation

If you build it, and it kills you, it is your responsibility, no one elses, and certification is irrelevant because it was not an item for sale.

If you ask your employee to use it, you are responsible for that employees safety, no one else. I know many engineering firms who also make much of the equipment they use, for their own use only and not for resale, therefore do not need CE marks, but must comply with relevant HSE requirments under the safety at work regulations.

If you make something that produces EMI, and ofcom come knocking, it is your responsibility, and CE marking has nothing to do with this situation.

Google is your friend, and will provide all the answers you require, and many references. The main requirement for CE marking is that the manufacturer produces documentation that assures compliance, and any importer hold copies of the documentation. There is no requirement for any manufacturer to have any testing done, other than that he carries out himself in his own test facility. Given that everything made in China which needs a CE mark to be sold in the EU is so marked, regardless of compliance, tend to, shall we say, somwhat invalidate the integrity (if it indeed ever had any) of the CE system. As an electrical engineer, I could never understand why we should "harmonise" our electrical system with a group of countries in which the electrical regulation and safety records were vastly inferior to our own. When we leave, all this will be irrelevant. We need to remember that Britian set the standards in the first place!

[BikepeteParticipant @bikepete]

I would suggest that as far as the Machinery Directive goes, the definitive source of info should be its implementation into UK law:

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/1597/contents/made

The key bit is probably

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/1597/regulation/7/made

and definitions of e.g. "responsible person" are at

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/1597/regulation/2/made

It's in legal language but it's perfectly understandable IMO (I am not a lawyer!). Reading this I would tend to agree with the original poster that there's no obvious exemption from the requirements for hobby or personal use.

Of course what it makes sense for us to do in real life is another question entirely…

 

 

Edited By Bikepete on 04/04/2019 21:04:38

[Anonymous]

Posted by Phil Whitley on 04/04/2019 20:24:46:

The operative here is "products SOLD" if you are not selling it, it does not need a CE mark

The formal phrase is placed on the market. But Phil is essentially correct, if you'e not producing items for sale to the general population then there is no requirement to CE mark. As far as I'm aware it is illegal to CE when it is not mandated.

Andrew

[Paul KempParticipant @paulkemp46892]

How do you interpret this?

"For the purposes of these Regulations, machinery or partly completed machinery shall not be regarded as being placed on the market or put into service where—

(a)it does not have affixed to it either the CE marking, or any inscription likely to be confused with the CE marking, and—

(i)it will not be put into service in an EEA state;

(ii)it is imported into an EEA state for re-export to a country which is not an EEA state; or

(iii)it is imported into an EEA state other than in the course of a business by a person who intends to use it other than in the course of a business; or"

The second bit applies to trade fairs and is irrelevant.

i would say as you don't put a CE Mark on your home made tools the first part is satisfied and as a "hobbyist" is not intending to use it for business (iii) is nearly there too except it's not been imported. Any proper lawyers out there?

Paul.

[SillyOldDufferModerator @sillyoldduffer]

Posted by Robert Atkinson 2 on 04/04/2019 19:17:55:

Dave (SOD) said

"CE Marking is easy – you don't have to! and Privately adding a CE mark is illegal."

Do you have any references to back up these statements? I Did ask for references in my question. …

They say nothing about commercial production. What does "privately" mean? The responsibility for compliance is on the manufacturer or importer.

…

There is no relief for on-off's or non commercial items. There used to be exemption in the LVD where you did not to have to mark an item that was for own use but you still had to ensure it conformed so not putting a sticker on was silly. This exception has been removed.
…

I'm not sure why you think amateur radio is more dangerous than model engineering especially now most amateurs don't use valves or build their own equipment.

Robert G8RPI

For references have a read of the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy's guidance here.

It refers throughout to 'products', for example:

'By placing the CE marking on a product a manufacturer is declaring, on his sole responsibility, conformity with all of the legal requirements to achieve CE marking.'

The word 'product' isn't used in the ordinary sense. Rather it has a specific legal meaning requiring commercial application as well as fabrication or manufacture.

What I make in my workshop isn't commercial, and I am not a manufacturer. As I don't manufacture products, a CE mark isn't required.

Private marking, by which I meant me applying a CE mark to something made in my workshop for non-commercial use, breaches: 'Before you place a CE marking on a product, you need to establish which New Approach Directives apply to your product. You must not attach a CE marking to a product outside the scope of the directives.'

Amateur radio has occasional fatalities. Agree electrocution by equipment is now unusual, but putting up aerials is risky. Falling off masts and roofs is most common, but every so often an antenna or metal ladder touches a power line. Model engineering is more likely to involve minor painful accidents. Off-hand I don't recall anyone being killed.

Dave

[Ian Johnson 1Participant @ianjohnson1]

This is a classic case of over thinking a non existent issue. Most regulations are for the employer to adhere to, we can do pretty much as we please in our own homes. If we were subject to the PUWER regs for example, I would think 99% of us would be in court telling the judge why we took the machine guard off! You can work on top of your roof and not bother about the work at height regs. Dig a big hole and not bother about the confined space regs etc.

We are not expected to know or adhere to he industrial and employment laws, but If you are selling stuff that is a different matter altogether.

Most hobbyists in the UK will probably fall foul of the Council environmental officer and local by-laws, noise and nuisance laws

And It's always better to beg forgiveness than beg permission!

[Robert Atkinson 2Participant @robertatkinson2]

Posted by Paul Kemp on 04/04/2019 22:26:27:

How do you interpret this?

"For the purposes of these Regulations, machinery or partly completed machinery shall not be regarded as being placed on the market or put into service where—

(a)it does not have affixed to it either the CE marking, or any inscription likely to be confused with the CE marking, and—

(i)it will not be put into service in an EEA state;

(ii)it is imported into an EEA state for re-export to a country which is not an EEA state; or

(iii)it is imported into an EEA state other than in the course of a business by a person who intends to use it other than in the course of a business; or"

The second bit applies to trade fairs and is irrelevant.

i would say as you don't put a CE Mark on your home made tools the first part is satisfied and as a "hobbyist" is not intending to use it for business (iii) is nearly there too except it's not been imported. Any proper lawyers out there?

Paul.

Ahh, you are ignoring the "and" in point a,

AND "it will not be put into service in an EEA state" put into service means using.

Conformance is not about making, selling or business use. The lathe you buy as a hobbyist has to conform to the same requirements as one used by business. Domestic appliances have to conform too. Selling is not a requirement, selling, marketing OR putting into use requires compliance otherwise you could give non compliant items away free with a token compliant ones.
It is true that you will only have an issue for home use if something goes wrong. Unfortunatly it's then too late.

Neil's approach is OK for the LVD but what about Machinery. EMC and Pressure directives?
Following good practice is the best defence agnst both incidents and their cnsequences.

[Cabinet EnforcerParticipant @cabinetenforcer]

Robert, your last post hangs your very tedious clipboard on a different set of goalposts to your first one, as well as being wrong again; are you just deliberately trying to have an argument?

If you have a genuine concern, why have you not contacted the relevant enforcing authority and sought their opinion?

[Former MemberParticipant @formermember32069]

[This posting has been removed]

[Neil WyattModerator @neilwyatt]

'Uniquely singular' products don't need CE marking.

I know this is the case as I did a lot of research when making a mobile display unit as a commission. If I made furtehr ones to a similar design they might need CE marking, however I was careful to avoid features that would bring it within the scope of any relevant directives (e.g. we agreed it would not be lit).

I would add that if some of the posts here are correct anyone who has taken two electrical items and connected them together (such as building their own PC or 3D printer or fitting a DRO system to their machinery) had better contact their lawyers.

You could even construe that using an non-OEM charger for your phone constitutes a new assembly that should comply with the regulations… heaven help you if you then use it to make a business call!

Neil

[Robert Atkinson 2Participant @robertatkinson2]

Posted by Cabinet Enforcer on 05/04/2019 08:05:09:

Robert, your last post hangs your very tedious clipboard on a different set of goalposts to your first one, as well as being wrong again; are you just deliberately trying to have an argument?

If you have a genuine concern, why have you not contacted the relevant enforcing authority and sought their opinion?

I'm not sure what you mean by the first paragraph, can we have plain languge please?

On the second, I would not want to be the person who put the compliance spotlight on the hobby. I have my own opinion on this, based on professional involvement since the regulations were introduced. Yes I'm being deliberately controversial, but to raise awareness not be argumentative.

PUWER does not apply to hobbies becaue they are not work and have no employees. CE compliance is certainly a key requirement of PUWER, but CE applies to much more than work equipment.
Ignorance if the law is no defence and for something that most on here know litlle or nothing about, the EMC directive, the worst case consequence of non compliance, however unlikely, unlikely is causing an airliner to crash. No, it's not that far fetched, if you lived near an airport and your new project emitted on the local ILS frequency it could cause a crash if other holes in the cheese lined up (google James Reason cheese accident theory).

Robert G8RPI.

[Robert Atkinson 2Participant @robertatkinson2]

Posted by Neil Wyatt on 05/04/2019 09:52:53:

'Uniquely singular' products don't need CE marking.

I know this is the case as I did a lot of research when making a mobile display unit as a commission. If I made furtehr ones to a similar design they might need CE marking, however I was careful to avoid features that would bring it within the scope of any relevant directives (e.g. we agreed it would not be lit).

I would add that if some of the posts here are correct anyone who has taken two electrical items and connected them together (such as building their own PC or 3D printer or fitting a DRO system to their machinery) had better contact their lawyers.

You could even construe that using an non-OEM charger for your phone constitutes a new assembly that should comply with the regulations… heaven help you if you then use it to make a business call!

Neil

Hi Neil,

Do you have a reference for the "uniquely singular" exemption and which Directives it applies to? I'm not doubting you, but As I said at the begining proper references are good. I can't see how it would apply to the EMC Directive, but the EMC Directive does not apply to everthing.
Taking stepper motors, driver modules and a processor (PC or Arduino)and fitting them to an existing machine tool most certainly does need CE compliance. If the individual components were compliant and approved for that application and you correctly followed their instructions (instructions are a specfic requirement of most Directives but are missing from many items) then showing compliance could be as simple as making a statement.

Connecting a phone to different charger does not break any regulations unless the instructions for one othe other prohibits it e.g. "use only ACME approved charger" but like most compliance unless there is an issue (or someone doesn't like you and reports it) nothing will be done. People have been electrocuted by poor quality chargers and yes if you buy a dodgy charger, use it on a work phone / battery drill etc and get injured the company is responsble even though it was your charger. Yes it's seems silly but this is why most companies phohibit the use personal mains powered equipment at work.

Robert G8RPI.

[SillyOldDufferModerator @sillyoldduffer]

Posted by Barrie Lever on 05/04/2019 09:52:38:

Posted by vintage engineer on 04/04/2019 19:40:17:

I thought CE marking meant Chinese Export?

 

…

All joking aside the CE marking scheme is a complete farce, it only works if everyone plays by the same rules.

…

There is even difference of opinion between German machine tool factories on what is required from say machine safety encosures to be CE compliant.

Like I say, pick the bones away and it is a joke.

Regards

Barrie

Barrie makes the logical mistake of jumping from 'some CE marks are bad' to 'the CE marking scheme is a complete farce'. My local post office used to have a display of forged bank-notes; that bank-notes are faked does not mean that our entire money system is a farce.

God forbid I defend marks of any kind – they all have to be checked and validated. Take the label on a laptop power supply; there will be 14 or 15 symbols, of which CE is one. They could all be fakes. Actually because the item on my laptop was sold by a reputable UK supplier and made by a reputable Chinese manufacturer on behalf of a reputable US brand, I'm certain they are genuine. I am also confident that the CE marks on my TV, Gas Boiler, Kettle, and British made work-lamp are valid.

The CE system works for high value items. It's abused with cheap tat because the system is not enforced. Unfortunately, it can also be abused on mid-range items, where the value is relatively low, and the authorities don't think it economic to pursue the bad guys. Interestingly, in connection with this thread on CE marking home made Machinery, the 'enforcement authority' is the same outfit – your Local Authority.

Might be fun to ask them, I suspect they do not want to know.  Blokes with workshops are the least of their problems!

Dave

 

 

Edited By SillyOldDuffer on 05/04/2019 11:16:33

[Cabinet EnforcerParticipant @cabinetenforcer]

Posted by Robert Atkinson 2 on 05/04/2019 10:24:02:

Posted by Cabinet Enforcer on 05/04/2019 08:05:09:

Robert, your last post hangs your very tedious clipboard on a different set of goalposts to your first one, as well as being wrong again; are you just deliberately trying to have an argument?

If you have a genuine concern, why have you not contacted the relevant enforcing authority and sought their opinion?

I'm not sure what you mean by the first paragraph, can we have plain languge please?

On the second, I would not want to be the person who put the compliance spotlight on the hobby. I have my own opinion on this, based on professional involvement since the regulations were introduced. Yes I'm being deliberately controversial, but to raise awareness not be argumentative

Sigh. Your two posts argue different points, hence you are more interested in argument than answers.

You say you won't ask the only people who could give you a definitive answer, so I conclude you don't really want one.

You say you have your own opinion on this, I don't think discussion here is going to change it.

The only point of your posting is therefore obviously to stir up sentiment re EU legislation, despite the protestations in your first post.

[BikepeteParticipant @bikepete]

FWIW I have found a reference in an official (but not legally binding) EU document that would seem to exempt hobby builders.

In the EU Blue Guide (a good official overview of how EU product safety works, and where Directives and standards etc fit in) on page 21 it remarks while discussing "placing on the market":

"Placing on the market is considered not to take place where a product is: — manufactured for one's own use. Some Union harmonisation legislation however covers products manufactured for own use in its scope (52) (53),…"

Footnote 52 notes that the Machinery Directive is among those which has 'own use' in its scope. But then Footnote 53 goes on to say:

"When Union harmonisation legislation covers own use, this does not refer to the occasional manufacturing for own use by a private person in a non-commercial context."

This seems like it could effectively exempt hobby builders from the scope of "harmonisation legislation", which as I understand it includes all and any Directives…

…but in e.g. the full text of the Machinery Directive, I can't see any mention of this, nor does the UK legal implementation which I linked to earlier state any such exemption in the text as far as I can tell.

Be interested Robert if you can shed any further light on this.

[Author]

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