The travel of the bubble in the glass vial is due to the polished/ground curve put into the internal tube by experienced operators, now mostly overtaken by CNC machines which are more precise. Liquid used in the bubble tube has a slowing effect on the bubble run, wetting of the tube by the fluid/surface tension etc. Compasses are much the same as a thin liquid will not damp the movement of the card and nobody wants a wildly swinging compass card.
As I have mentioned before, a vial and level need to be accurately end for end adjusted and should be allowed to settle for a period of time between adjustments. Heat from fingers and hands and sunshine all have an effect on the adjustment and my adage is never trust a bubble !
The curve or arc of the inside of the tube is for a 20" something like 60 meters rad.if I remember correctly.. Some vials are just curved completely like in cheap builders levels.The arc is clearly visible.
Clive