3 phase supply (again)

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3 phase supply (again)

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Viewing 16 posts - 26 through 41 (of 41 total)
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  • #580475
    Mark Rand
    Participant
      @markrand96270

      Sorry, Robert, you are talking nonsense. Your thinking is decades out of date.

      When you start up your Bilgeport, DS&G, Lumsden grinder etc, off the VFD which is acting as a fixed three phase supply, then the motor has exactly the same protection as it does when running off the utility's three phase supply. The motor starter and overloads in the machine's control box are the same as they were when it left the factory.

      L C Sine wave filters are simple and cheap. I use a commercial one and it works perfectly.

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      #580489
      Robert Atkinson 2
      Participant
        @robertatkinson2

        Mark,

        Only if the switch gear has overload cutouts and they operate correctly with the waveforms from the VFD neither of which is a given.
        The machine switchgear does not protect the drive.
        The REO filters you linked to are quite nice but they are not low cost. Did you buy a new one for a hobby installation?
        Additionally the VFD may not like having a resonant filter on it's output loaded or otherwise. The smaller REO filters likely to be used in a home workshop are resonant at about 2.5 kHz so the PWM frequency needs to be a fair bit higher than this e.g. >4 kHz. Newer drives are probably OK but be sure to check that your drive is suitable for use with a filter.
        I'm not that out of date. Part of my day job today involved similar issues with a multi kilowatt 3 phase converter…..

        Robert .

        Edited By Robert Atkinson 2 on 14/01/2022 21:17:09

        #580500
        Mark Rand
        Participant
          @markrand96270

          If the motors don't have overload protection, then they wouldn't have any protection when run from 3ph mains…

          The drive protects the drive, that's why there is current sensing either on the three separate output stages or (on cheap stuff) the DC bus.

          The REO filters are made specifically for use with VFDs, and I thought the price was reasonable when I bought it from them.

          4kHz switching frequency is towards the bottom end for smaller VFDs, Even my old 23kVA Danfoss unit that I started with was happy at 8kHz. In the case of long cables from the VFD, the filter improves life for the VFD output stages as well as eliminating EMI and motor noise.

          #580580
          Robert Atkinson 2
          Participant
            @robertatkinson2

            The drive self protection only works for the conditions the drive is designed for. For most VFDs this does not include connecting or disconnecting the load with the VFD output energised.
            It might work but that does not mean it's right.

            #580632
            Mark Rand
            Participant
              @markrand96270

              Well, I just guess that some of us can keep using the things and others can keep saying they don't work. Then everyone will be happy.

              yes

              #580664
              SillyOldDuffer
              Moderator
                @sillyoldduffer
                Posted by Mark Rand on 15/01/2022 21:21:26:

                Well, I just guess that some of us can keep using the things and others can keep saying they don't work. Then everyone will be happy.

                yes

                I'm against assumptions.

                Best not to generalise: if the output of a VFD has to be switched, Read The Flipping Manual! All will be well if the maker says it's allowed, otherwise…

                Within my limited experience, which is only of low-end VFDs, the Manuals all forbid switching the output. I'm fully aware better units are available but so far as I've researched, they're all pricey.

                Dave

                #580848
                old mart
                Participant
                  @oldmart

                  It might prove more economic to change some of the less demanding machines to single phase motors.

                  #580892
                  Mark Rand
                  Participant
                    @markrand96270

                    Seems better to keep them all three phase, as they were built. Once you've sorted out the 3ph supply, it's done for all the machines you've got or might get,

                    I know in my case changing the motors would involve 11 motors, sime of which have got rather specific mounting arrangements and are of sizes no-longer manufactured. The amount of cost and work involved would be far greater than that involved in getting a 'digital phase converter' or even getting Western Power Distriibution* to put in three phase from the street.

                    *Other distribution network operators are available.

                    #812203
                    glynboy12
                    Participant
                      @glynboy12
                      1. Hi there I have a 3 phase car lift and I have a static converter but the ramp has a neutral on the 3 phase supply but my converter hasent. Is there a way I can add a neutral to my converter.20250811_17322220250808_17432720250811_17331020250811_17324420250811_17323220250811_173259
                      #812222
                      noel shelley
                      Participant
                        @noelshelley55608

                        You need to know WHY it has neutral and what it is being used for – control circuits ? Then you need to know at what voltage. I take it you have not operated this ramp yet ? Tell us more . Noel.

                        #812235
                        Robert Atkinson 2
                        Participant
                          @robertatkinson2

                          See other thread.

                          It is very annoying to have two threads with the same question. Its hard enought keepin track of one.
                          I suggest people only respond to the other thread:

                          3 phase converter

                          Robert.

                          #812252
                          SillyOldDuffer
                          Moderator
                            @sillyoldduffer

                            VFDs and DFCs are similar technology, so overlap.  Broadly though, here’s the main differences:

                            vdfvsDPC

                            Both are more efficient than static and rotary converters.  The electronics are smart, which isn’t always an advantage.

                            VFDs are usually aimed at motors, so in addition to speed control, they provide start/stop management (ramp up and braking), max/minima settings,  pendant control, and terminals for the machine’s emergency stop etc.  NVR is built in. The host of options available make VFD manuals intimidating.  As usual with electronics, VFDs very expensive when they first appeared, now delightfully cheap!  Main restriction is they are for one motor only – wire in permanently; do not share.

                            DFCs are general purpose, providing 3-phase from single-phase without motor control options, but hardened to deal with mixewd loads.   They’re a good alternative to a rotary converter.  Until recently DFCs were significantly more expensive than a rotary, but I see prices have dropped.  If the market is big enough, they will drop further.   Good for powering machines that break the one VFD per motor rule – such as one fitted with a two speed motor with a single-phase coolant pump and lamp hung off the phases.  These should ‘just work’ plugged into a DFC, and two or more awkward beasts of that type can share one.

                            So:

                            • Upgrading a Myford with a 3-phase motor, best done with a VFD.  It provides NVR, emergency stop, and speed controlled forward/reverse from a pendant.  The VFD is cheaper than a DFC.  (Unless it’s a TriLeva, where speed control is provided mechanically!  Designed before VFDs existed.  )
                            • DFC is a better option for powering a Bridgeport with a pancake dual speed motor and mixed accessories, especially if the workshop has other 3-phase kit that don’t need speed control, such as a compressor.   They can share the DFC

                            Choosing between a DFC vs rotary is about cost, space and noise.   Rotary used to be cheaper than DFC, not sure that’s still true!  My workshop has no space for a rotary and the noise would be unwelcome.   Rotaries waste lots of electricity, so, if much used, an expensive to buy DFC may pay for itself.

                            Static converters are cheap and cheerful.  Inefficient and basic, they can be shared.  But the 3-phase is poorly balanced, so motors cannot produce full power, and some may refuse to start.   If they work, hurrah, but static converters are far from ideal.

                            As an aside, Clive said it was necessary to buy a VFD rated much higher than the motor.  I think this is untrue, and least in this century.  VFD’s are smart.  They work by measuring the output voltage and current and adjusting the drive such that they don’t blow themselves up.  Their electronics are sophisticated,  intrinsically “soft-start”, not like a mechanical ON/OFF switch, where a motor draws all the power it can with a wallop!    I’ve never seen a VFD manual that said ‘buy n-times bigger than the motor’.   Anyone have a reference that contradicts me?

                            Dave

                             

                            #812274
                            Robert Atkinson 2
                            Participant
                              @robertatkinson2

                              And what exactly does that have to do with finding a neutral for a vehicle lift?

                               

                              #812283
                              Michael Gilligan
                              Participant
                                @michaelgilligan61133
                                On glynboy12 Said:.
                                […] Is there a way I can add a neutral to my converter

                                It sounds a jolly-good idea from a safety point of view !

                                I can’t help with an answer … but I would direct you here:

                                https://www.boost-energy.com/about-us/

                                MichaelG.

                                #812524
                                Andrew Skinner
                                Participant
                                  @andrewskinner94774
                                  On SillyOldDuffer Said:
                                  Posted by Clive Foster on 12/01/2022 22:40:11:
                                  …All VFD drives can act as digital phase converters as described by your link. They just need to have protection circuitry and short term overload capacity sufficient to handle the switch on and off transients and starting surge associated with Direct Online switching of the motor with the VFD already running at 50 Hz.

                                  For practical purposes that means the VFD rating needs to be about 4 times that of the motor being started. …

                                  A misunderstanding of how VFDs work I think.

                                  A 1HP VFD is designed to run a 1HP motor. The customer doesn’t have to allow for surges when looking at ratings because VFD electronics provide a soft start.

                                  The built-in soft-start is one reason why 3-phase to 3-phase VFDs are almost always used these days to drive stop-start 3-phase motors such as fans, lifts and machine tools. By only rationing the motor with just enough power to start it turning and then ramping up relatively slowly, the VFD avoids the massive surge caused when a motor is walloped with power by an ordinary switch or contactor. Managing the surge current is a considerable cost saving, and it means the VFD and associated wiring don’t need to heavy duty.

                                  Digital Phase Converters aren’t the same as Variable Frequency Drives, Digital Phase Converters are single frequency, outputting whatever the input is, 50 or 60Hz. Their wiring is similar to the Idler Motor method of creating a third-phase, but instead of a noisy, wasteful thicko motor the third phase is generated electronically.

                                  The first two phases are provided directly by Line and Neutral. The single-phase input is also rectified to charge a large capacitor with high-voltage DC, which is then converted electronically to imitate the third phase. In effect the phase of the Line Input is delayed by ‘n’ degrees to create the third phase. Roughly like this:digitalphaseconv.jpg

                                  Two of the phases are directly connected to the motor, so there’s nothing to get hot or go wrong with them. The third phase is more complicated, because it needs a hefty DC power supply, and beefy electronics to switch the output in time with Line frequency, but later.

                                  The electronic phase shifting would be smarter than my diagram implies. Probably a microcontroller monitors all three phases and actively manages the phase shift for best results on every cycle. As microcontrollers are a bit slow, it may be phase shifting is done by something fast like a field programmable gate array, which would push the price up.

                                  Advantages:

                                  • Should be able to handle high-power up to several tens of HP
                                  • The output is plain 3-phase that can power several machines in parallel as if a real 3-phase supply were available.
                                  • Quiet
                                  • No complicated manual or set-ups

                                  Disadvantages:

                                  • Costly – one phase needs high-power switching and smart electronics
                                  • No soft-start or other energy saving features
                                  • No speed control, jog, reverse, or other VFD goodies.

                                  Whether Digital Phase Converters end up in a home workshop or not depends on cost. In the recent past, they’ve been expensive, but I see a few units costing less than £1000 are on the web now. It’s usual for early adopter electronics prices to start sky high and then plummet as soon as the item becomes ordinary. Maybe these things about to become consumer items. VFDs were Unaffordium not that long ago and now look at them.

                                  Dave

                                  Thanks for that – I’ve been trying to find details of how DPCs work. The L/N inputs would be 180deg apart, not 120deg. Sketching this out, with the artificial waveform interspersed, gives a double waveform, with two +ve peaks, then two -ve peaks, all 90deg apart, which doesn’t seem right. Am I missing something?

                                  #812526
                                  Andrew Skinner
                                  Participant
                                    @andrewskinner94774
                                    On Michael Gilligan Said:
                                    On glynboy12 Said:.
                                    […] Is there a way I can add a neutral to my converter

                                    It sounds a jolly-good idea from a safety point of view !

                                    I can’t help with an answer … but I would direct you here:

                                    https://www.boost-energy.com/about-us/

                                    MichaelG.

                                    I have a secondhand 10hp Boost Energy rotary converter – the company has closed down, but for some reason haven’t taken the website down. The phone number just goes to some, slightly surprised, ordinary bloke.

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