Simon,
From the picture posted by Brian G I assume you are referring to the fittings along the side of the boiler at the level of the firebox crown? Normal convention of description is hand holes I believe for these. Mud hole tends to be the description of the oval doors below the normal water line, hand holes for the similar feature above the normal water line and wash out plugs are as I stated previously normally a square headed tapered threaded plug, typically less than 2" diameter.
I believe the hand holes to which you refer are oval doors in the boiler but rather than the conventional straight door bridge they have a circular 'cover' that bears on the boiler and the small nut in the centre is on the stud fixed to the door. As the nut is tightend the door is drawn onto its sealing face, just like a conventional mud hole door with a bridge but in this case the bridge is replaced by the circular cover. I would think but can't be certain having never fitted a door of this type that the two 'pin' holes in the cover are to allow any leakage to show outside the cover.
Of course none of the above answers your question as to how big they are! Maybe email or call the NRM in the UK and ask if they have a boiler drawing in their archives that gives the detail?
Paul.