Yes. Two major methods involving different approaches.
1/ the lathe spindle holds the cutter and the gear is held in some other fixture.
2/ the spindle holds the gear and is indexed round while a small additional spindle is used to do the cutting.
Put google into images mode and then enter "cutting gears on lathe" and you will find a mixture of examples. Then add 'youtube' to the end and you get some more.
Reading that lot should use up most of Sunday for you.