Sorry John, the South Bend lathe gearbox doesn't provide 38 tpi either, or for that matter any of the multiples of 19 so your approach is a non starter..
56T is a standard supply gear for the imperial box so 42T is a minimal addition to give Doug what he wants. If a 38T gear is used in the drive, then the gear driving the gearbox (the screw gear) will also need changing, making another purchase necessary.
Regards Brian