Thanks to those who answered, perhaps a little more detail is needed.
I have a silver soldered copper boiler for a 5" gauge standard class 2. not huge but big enough to require quite a lot of heat to get it up to 300 degrees. There are several stays in the top of the firebox that weep under pressure. So with the boiler inverted and Bridgit flux liberally applied(suitable for up to 427 deg C) I put small pieces of comsol solder by the relevant stay heads. Applying indirect heat i.e. around the outside of the boiler and through the regulator hole in the back head, the flux smokes and blackens before the solder melts. This is the 'black lunge'.
I had supposed that it was better not to apply direct heat as this just sets the flux alight immediately.
So really two questions, is there a better flux and how to best get rid if the black deposit? It has to be removed chemically because there may well be joints that still leak and need to be cleaned internally to have any hope of taking solder next time.
Thanks
Nick