Hi Piero,
Well you have a later Myford Metric Conversion Set there. The label clearly states part number 1481/1 but also mysteriously states "For QC2495 and onwards". "QC" stands for Quick Change. I have always understood that gearboxes from QC2501 were the later pattern.
Anyway, you have the later gears set which is not ideal for your gearbox. I think you may have counted teeth wrongly, for instance the one cog in the layer with the change gear quadrant (or banjo) I believe is 30t. and you list 2x28t and no 30t at all. There is only one 28t in the set and unlikely to be use for 2. However, my set only consists of 12 gears and your set has 14 but, as I said before, some gears may have been added and there is evidence of different paint colours!
To cut metric threads with some accuracy you replace the fixed gear set inside the changewheel cover with the quadrant in the box. The circular hole in the quadrant fits over the gearbox input shaft. The two shafts in the layer with the quadrant need fitting first (remove the nut, sleeve and washer first) as they go into the back of it. All is clear if you have the pictorial of the quadrant that I stated in my previous post of 28 Nov.
Do you actually have the 12 gears that I listed in that post? If so, how many teeth do the other two gears have? Another complication to answering your problems is that my Metric Set is on three layers in its (original) box, but the layer with the quadrant is the same as yours. Do all 4 layers fit inside the original Myford box or do only 3 layers fit? We could talk about this better if you PM me your e-mail and I can supply tables of cog set-ups which will work for your gearbox. But you do need a few extra gears to be able to cut all threads.
Lastly, your opening question and pictures included a washer with a keyway cutout. There should be two of those included in the set, 50thou thick. The shaft in those pictures may be the same as the 2 shafts in the layer with the quadrant piece, and if so is a spare. The 30t in the pictures is not Myford if it is, as you stated 1/2" thick. Do not be tempted to try and use it with the metric set.
Dennis