.
Are the pully's tight.?
You also want a bit of play in the belt. – I think there is about 3/8" in mine.
I see that the change gears as you say are not revolving. I presume this is because the selector is in neutral.

The selector lever (the one in the middle) needs to be over to the right for normal feeding. I am presuming that yours is set on 0.?
If it is on Zero make sure the clutch lever or the 1/2 nuts on the saddle are not engaged or when you start the rascal it will automatically run into the chuck if a high feedrate is selected. 

This should then turn the changegears. But as the changegears are not turning ATM that cannot be where the vibration / rumble noise is coming from.
Has the lathe been stood for a long time.? – Possible the belt has formed the shape of the pully's in 2 places.
Nick